Annual data and Energy balances

Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia (SORS)

Еnergy statistics unit

Sanja Radonjic

Head of Energy statistics unit

5 Milana Rakica Street, Belgrade, Serbia

sanja.radonjic@stat.gov.rs

+381 11 2411 852

+381 11 2411 852

Data of annual energy statistics refer to quantities of Electricity, Heat, Coal, Blast-Furnace Gas Oil and Oil Derivatives, Natural gas, Renewable energy sources. Energy balances cover the whole energy sector from supply, through transformation to final consumption by sectors and type of fuel. Also, annual data on stocks, import and export for various energy products are included. The Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia started to establish statistics of Annual Energy Balances in 2005 year. All data are presented in the form of energy balance. Data for each energy source are given in the natural unit of measure and also in TJ.

- National classification of economic activities - KD (2010) based on NACE Rev.2 classification (Statistical Classification of Economic Activities NACE Rev.2

- Definition of energy/energy commodities and energy flows given in the Regulation (EC) No 1099/2008 and its amendments, are applied.

Energy statistics data cover sectors of the economy which are involved in production (energy sector 05,06,19,35 CD NACE Rev.2), trade and energy consumption, industrial sector - without area that are belong to energy sector, construction, transport, households, agriculture and others -commercial and public services).

Definitions, concepts and methodolоgy for making energy balance are harmonized with established standards according to recommendations of the Regulation (EC) No 1099/2008 and its amendments. The definitions in Annex A and Annex B of Regulation (EU) No 1099/2008 and its amendments have been fully applied. The relationship between products and energy flows, follows the standard principles of the energy balances. Balances were compiled according to the principles of Eurostat's new concept of energy balance, which was published at the end of January 2019.

Reporting  units  for  the  annual  energy  balance  are  enterprises  (including  Public enterprises, joint stock company JSC). Observation units  are  enterprises engaged in the production, trade, transport, distribution of fuels, as well as kind of activity (KAU) of industrial and non-industrial enterprises which have production of energy.

The scope of the energy sector (producers, suppliers, traders, transport and distributors)  is full; all those who produce energy /energy products and distributors are included. The consumption sector is monitored based on representative sample. Traders have a range of about 85 to 100%, depending on the type of energy source. Industrial enterprises, of which we collect data, achieve 85% of the value added in industry. Construction companies are included with 95%, while transport companies are covered with 90% and agricultural cooperatives 100%.

Republic of Serbia.

SORS has no available data for Kosovo and Metohija since 1999, therefore they are not included in the data for Republic of Serbia.

The Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia started to establish statistics of Annual Energy Balances in 2005. The time series has been available since 2008 year (Since 2005 SORS successively has started to compile energy balances and deliver them to Eurostat. Data for electricity, heat and coal have been available since 2005; Since 2007 data are available for oil, oil derivatives and natural gas; data for fire wood and geothermal energy have been available since 2009; data for wood pellets, briquettes, charcoal, biogas, industrial and non industrial waste have been available since 2013 year. In 2021, first quantities of biodiesel were blended with fossil diesel and they are intended for export. Balance sheet for 2021 includes data for pure and blended biodiesel. Data are available in database since 2010 year.

Not applicable.

For Electricity - GWh, Heat -TJ, Natural Gas - 000 Stm3 (standard m3) for other energy products measure unit is a tonns. Data of quantity are converted into energy units, or in TJ to allow comparison of different types of fuel. The units are defined in Annex B of the Regulation (EU) No 1099/2008 of energy statistics and its amendments.

The annual energy balances refer to the calendar year (January – December), they are compiled in the current year for the previous year.

Legislation of European Commission:

- Commission Regulation (EC) 1099/2008 and all its Amendments

The data of the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia are available on the web-site. The data are transmitted to Eurostat within the deadline set by Eurostat and also in the required form, via the ЕDAMIS application. In the same form data are sent to UN and Ministry Mining and Energy, which forwarded them to the International Energy Agency.

http://www.stat.gov.rs/en-US

Data confidentiality is stipulated by:

- Official Statistics Law (Official Gazette of RS, number 104/2009), Articles 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, and 49.

(www.stat.gov.rs/media/2322/zakon_o_statisticie.pdf)

- Rulebook on statistical data protection in the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia

 https://www.stat.gov.rs/en-US/o-nama/dokumenti  under Rulebooks and guidelines

- Guidelines on measures of data and information protection in the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia

https://www.stat.gov.rs/en-US/o-nama/dokumenti  under Rulebooks and guidelines

Data are disсeminated on agгregation level.

Calendar of releases is available at SORS website:

http://www.stat.gov.rs/en-US/calendar

The data are published annually, in the current for the previous year.

For Energy Statistics, press releases are not made.

The results are published on the web-site of the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia in the form of energy balances, as previous and final annual data. The final annual data is published in the form of a bulletin. The data are available also in data-base on the website.

Some energy statistics data are also shown in other publications produced by the Statistical Office (Statistical Yearbook, Statistical Calendar).

http://stat.gov.rs/en-US/oblasti/energetika

The data are available on the website in PDF format since 2008, and also in the form of a database since 2010 year.

http://data.stat.gov.rs/?caller=04&languageCode=en-US

http://www.stat.gov.rs/en-US/oblasti/energetika

Annual data, in the form of completed international Annual Questionnaires, are transmitted via EDAMIS application to the Eurostat, and to the United Nations (UN).

Also, completed international Annual Questionnaires are submitted to the Ministry of Mining and Energy, which are forwarded them to the International Energy Agency (IEA).

Some data of the energy and energy commodities are published in the complex publications such as the Statistical Yearbook and the Statistical Calendar.

The Eurostat methodology (Regulation EU  No 1099/2008 and its amendments) is used to compile Annual Energy Balances. The concept, definition and grouping of energy and energy commodities, as well as statistical terminology, is fully harmonized with international recommendations for energy statistics given in EU Regulation No 1099/2008 and its amendments and also in document  Energy balance guide. Data of energy statistics transmitted to Eurostat is coherent with the International recommendations for Energy Statistics adopted by the United Nations Statistical Commission.

In accordance with the Law on Official Statistics, based on the mission and vision of official statistics (Program for the Development of Official Statistics 2016-2020), taking into account other strategic documents, in particular the "Quality Policy" and referring to the European Statistics Code of Practice and the Fundamental Principles of the Official Statistics, quality components defined by the European Commission, have been taken over by:

•  Relevance
•  Accuracy
• Timeliness and respect for publication calendar
• Availability and comprehensibility
• Comparability and
• Coherence

The data for the Annual Energy Balance are provided by conducting the survey. The level of data accuracy is high. Requests for data on energy products and flows have been formulated in accordance with the recommendations of EU Regulation No 1099/2008 and its amendments. In this way, it is ensured that the annual energy balances data are internationally comparable. Checking annual data is carried out in several ways; one of the methods of data checking is consistency of the time series and also energy transformation efficiency (%) checks. If there is doubt in the quality of the data, the reporting units are contacted to provide the necessary clarifications or corrections. 

Annual energy balances are produced and published in order to providing harmonized, quality, reliable and relevant data on supply (production, transformation, import, export, stock), consumption (for transformation, own consumption), losses, final consumption of energy and energy commodities. Data is collected for:

- national institutions, administration, enterprises, professional associations and citizens,

- defining, implementing, monitoring and evaluating energy policy,

- Eurostat, International Energy Agency (IEA) and the United Nations (UN) and

- for the needs of other users.

On biennial basis (once in two years), by the means of web interview, implemented is the User Satisfaction Survey. The survey results are available at SORS website: http://www.stat.gov.rs/en-US/o-nama/sistem-upravljanja-kvalitetom.

Annual Energy Balances are available on web-site, as a bulletin form and in a table in PDF form. Data are available since 2008 year. In database data are available since 2010 year.

http://data.stat.gov.rs/?caller=04&languageCode=en-US

http://www.stat.gov.rs/en-US/oblasti/energetika

Energy data are collected and published based on a standardized internationally methodology (EUROSTAT-OECD / IEA-UN). Companies are obliged by law to submit data to the statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. The percentage of answers оf energy entities for the annual data is 100% and the accuracy of data is good. The scope of the energy sector is full, all those who produce, transmit and distribute energy/energy products are included.

Traders have a range of about 85 to 100%, depending on the type of energy source. Industrial enterprises, of which we collect data, achieve 85% of the value added in industry. Construction companies are included with 95%, while transport companies are covered with 90% and agricultural cooperatives 100%.

Not applicable.

The scope of the energy sector is full,  all those who produce energy / energy products and distributors are included. Traders have a range of about 85 to 100%, depending on the type of energy source. Industrial enterprises, of which we collect data, achieve 85% of the value added in industry. Construction companies are included with 95%, while transport companies are covered with 90% and agricultural cooperatives 100%.

If the reporting units do not answer all the questions from the questionnaire item-non response, SORS contact them by telephone in order to provide the missing information. Also, if any disagreement in the data is established, we contact the reporting units by telephone or email. Data is controlled at the level of the reporting unit, and then at the summary level.

If an error is determined, the data is corrected at the level of the reporting unit, and then the sum is re-summarized in order to compile the energy balance of the energy source. Also, in cooperation with IT experts, we have established automation (software solutions) for calculating certain data.

Reporting units submit data to the SORS by March 19th, current for the previous year.

The annual data are published as preliminary data, as follows:

- On 26th September: balance of Electricity, Heat, Coal balance, Blast Furnace Gas, Geothermal balance, Wood fuel, Biogas and Industrial waste;

- On 03th October: as the previous data, the balance of Oil and Oil Derivatives, Natural Gas are published.

The completed Annual questionnaires are submitted to Eurostat and International Energy Agency 10 months after the end of the reference year, as predicted for in Regulation (EU) No 1099/2008 on energy statistics (31.10.) and its amendments.

- Final data are published after completion of the verification with Eurostat and the International Energy Agency. The deadline for the final results is foreseen by the Calendar of Publications, the last working day in February, t + 2 (t is the reference year).

Previous data are published according to deadline which is given in the Regulation on defining the Plan of Official Statistics. Final data are published according to deadline which is given in the Regulation on defining the Plan of Official Statistics and Calendar of Publications.

http://www.stat.gov.rs/en-US/calendar  

Annual Energy Balances are made at the level of the Republic of Serbia.

The time series has been available since 2008 year (Since 2005 SORS successively has started to compile energy balances and deliver them to Eurostat. Data for electricity, heat and coal have been available since 2005; Since 2007 data are available for oil, oil derivatives and natural gas; data for fire wood and geothermal energy have been available since 2009; data for wood pellets, briquettes, charcoal, biogas, industrial and non industrial waste have been available since 2013 year. In 2021, the first quantities of biodiesel were blended with fossil diesel and are intended for export. With that in mind, the balance sheet for 2021 also includes data for pure and blended biodiesel. Energy balances are available in database since 2010 year.

Not applicable.

The level of consistency, coherence in full cooperation with the reporting units is checked in detail. Checks include consistency of time series, detection of causes of deviations, efficiency of energy transformation processes, and application of other control systems.

Not applicable.

After the publication of the previous data, if necessary, they are changed in order to accurately display the final results. After submitting the Five Joint Annual Energy Questionnaires to Eurostat and the International Energy Agency, a validation process is carried out by both institutions. After the validation process is completed, corrections of previous data are possible. If errors are noticed in the data for earlier years, or if they are established during the validation process, corrections are made to the data in our database.

The scope of the energy sector is full, all those who produce, distribute and transmit energy/energy products are included (public enterprises, joint stock companies, enterprises). Traders have a range of about 85 to 100%, depending on the type of energy source. Industrial enterprises, of which we collect data, achieve 85% of the value added in industry. Construction companies are included with 95%, while transport companies are covered with 90% and agricultural cooperatives 100%.The energy balances are included the production of all producers of primary energy and transformed forms of energy. Accordingly, there was also a full coverage of energy consumption in the energy sector.

In the regular annual surveys that are included: hydro power plants, solar photovoltaic (included prosumers), wind energy, CHP, thermal power plants, auto-producers district heating plants, oil and gas extraction, refineries, petrochemical refinery, blast furnace plant, coal mines, coal transformation, lubricants factory,  producers of renewable energy (geothermal, fuel-wood, biogas). Import / export data are taken from Department of Foreign Trade Statistics in SORS – Customs data), except data for electricity (data provides Serbian Transmission System and Market Operator Part and import at low voltage take over from the database of Ministry of Mining and Energy), crude oil (data provides NIS) and natural gas (data provides National gas company).

Data on the stocks at the beginning and end of the year SORS gets from energy producers, energy distributors, trade enterprises, industrial enterprises.

Showing losses depends on the type of energy (transfer, distribution or transport).

Final Non-energy consumption аre provided from industrial enterprises through a separate statistical survey.

Data on final consumption for energy purposes are based on the specific questionnaires created for energy producers, energy distributors, trade enterprises and industrial enterprises. In addition to, we used data collected by other Statistical Office`s departments within their statistical surveys (Department of Transport, Department of Agriculture and Department of Construction). Data of total final energy consumption of biomass and consumption biomass in households are taken from the Ministry of Mining and Energy. If the reporting units do not answer all the questions from the questionnaire оr if any illogicality difference in data is noticed, the reporting units are contacted by telephone or email in order to provide the missing information or clarifications.

Data is controlled at the level of the reporting unit, and then at the summary level. If an error is detected, the data is corrected at the level of the reporting unit, and then the sum is re-summarized in order to compile the energy balance of the energy source.

Also, in cooperation with IT experts, automation (software solutions) has been established for the calculation of certain data.

Questionnaires for collecting data are available on the SORS web-site.

http://www.stat.gov.rs/sr-latn/istrazivanja/methodology-and-documents/?a=04&s=0

The data are collected on annual basis, in the current year data are collected for the previous year.

Data are collected in a paper form, only survey in the field of industry is conducted through the web questionnaire. Questionnaires are sent to the reporting units at the end of February, in the current for the previous year. Also, the questionnaires are located on the website, except for oil and derivatives questionnaires, due to constant underconstruction with the reporting units. Reporting units can send completed questionnaires by post or e-mail. Telephone contacts are made in order to increase the number of responses as well as clarification of data.

In order to achieve annual energy balance it was necessary to create set of separate questionnaires for each energy commodity, designed for producers, distributors, traders and consumers of energy. The basic principle when designing the questionnaire was to be at the level of reporting units achieve energy balance for each energy commodity that shows the reporting unit. In this way we achieved that the total energy balance for the energy commodity, obtained by summing up the energy balance of the reporting units that have displayed the data on the observed energy commodity

There are several levels of validation annual data, including checking consistency of time series, detection of cause of deviation, calculation of efficiency of energy transformation process, control of measure unit. If there are any doubts about the quality of the data, the SORS contacts the reporting units to provide the necessary clarifications or corrections.

When adjusting the energy balance the first correction is done at the level of reporting units. After these adjustments made to re-aggregation of data to obtain the energy balance for the observed energy commodity. We have designed the system for control data. In cooperation with the IT experts we have implemented electronic data processing programs.

Reporting units submit data in appropriate measure unit, depending on the energy source (t, TJ, Stm3, GWh) and data on calorific values, in accordance with the definitions given in Regulation (EU) No 1099/2008 and its amendments. All data given in a natural measure unit are converted to TJ. On that way, it is achievable to compile the Total Energy Balance of the Republic of Serbia, which consists of all the energy products.

The basic principle when designing the questionnaire was to be at the level of reporting units achieve energy balance for each energy commodity that shows the reporting unit. Оn this way we achieved that the total energy balance for the energy commodity, obtained by summing up the energy balance of the reporting units that have displayed the data on the observed energy commodity

Not applicable.