11.1.1 Proportion of urban population living in slums, informal settlements or inadequate housing

11.1.1 Proportion of urban population living in slums, informal settlements or inadequate housing

11.1.1 Proportion of urban population living in slums, informal settlements or inadequate housing

11.1 By 2030, ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services and upgrade slums

Goal 11. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable

This indicator measures the proportion of urban population living in slums, informal settlements or inadequate housing.

A slum household is defined as a group of individuals living under the same roof lacking one or more of the following conditions:

1. Lack of access to improved water source,
2. Lack of access to improved sanitation facilities, 
3. Lack of sufficient living area, 
4. Lack of housing durability and,
5. Lack of security of tenure.

 
Informal Settlements – Informal settlements are usually seen as synonymous of slums, with a particular focus on the formal status of land, structure and services. They are defined by three main criteria:

1. Inhabitants have no security of tenure vis-à-vis the land or dwellings they inhabit, with modalities ranging from squatting to informal rental housing, 
2. The neighbourhoods usually lack, or are cut off from, formal basic services and city infrastructure, and 
3. The housing may not comply with current planning and building regulations, is often situated in geographically and environmentally hazardous areas, and may lack a municipal permit.

Inadequate Housing – Article 25 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights includes housing as one of the components of the right to adequate standards of living for all. For housing to be adequate, it must provide more than four walls and a roof, and at a minimum, meet the following criteria:

1. Legal security of tenure, which guarantees legal protection against forced evictions, harassment and other threats; 
2. Availability of services, materials, facilities and infrastructure, including safe drinking water, adequate sanitation, energy for cooking, heating, lighting, food storage or refuse disposal; 
3. Affordability, as housing is not adequate if its cost threatens or compromises the occupants’ enjoyment of other human rights; 
4. Habitability, as housing is not adequate if it does not guarantee physical safety or provide adequate space, as well as protection against the cold, damp, heat, rain, wind, other threats to health and structural hazards; 
5. Accessibility, as housing is not adequate if the specific needs of disadvantaged and marginalized groups are not taken into account (such as the poor, people facing discrimination; persons with disabilities, victims of natural disasters); 
6. Location, as housing is not adequate if it is cut off from employment opportunities, health-care services, schools, childcare centres and other social facilities, or if located in dangerous or polluted sites or in immediate proximity to pollution sources; and
7. Cultural adequacy, as housing is not adequate if it does not respect and take into account the expression of cultural identity and ways of life.

The indicator considers two components to be computed as follows:

    Percentage of people living in Slum/Informal Settlements households (SISH):   
= 100[(Number of people living in SISH )/(Urban/City population)]

    Percentage of people living in Inadequate housing households (IHH):
= 100[(Number of people living in IHH)/(Urban/City population)]

%

Republic of Serbia

United Nations Human Settlements Programme

Every two years

C110101

https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-11-01-01.pdf